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被动语态的用法

作者: 2022-06-18 11:16 来源:南宁编辑
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被动语态(Passive voice)是动词的一种形式,用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,一般来说,只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用"被""受""给"等被动词来表示被动意义

 

一般用法

1.一般现在时的被动语态构成:is / am / are +及物动词的过去分词

Our classroom is cleaned everyday.

I am asked to study hard by my mother.

Knives are used for cutting things.

2.一般过去时的被动语态构成:was / were + 及物动词的过去分词

The new shop was built last year.

Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago.

3.现在完成时的被动语态构成:has / have + been +及物动词的过去分词

This book has been translated into many languages.

Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.

4.一般将来时的被动语态构成:will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词

A new hospital will be built in our city.

Many more trees will be planted next year.

5.含有情态动词的被动语态构成:情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词

Young trees must be watered often.

Your mistakes should be corrected right now.

The door may be locked inside.

Your homework can be handed in tomorrow.

6.现在进行时的被动语态构成:am / is / are + being +及物动词的过去分词

Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→

My bike is being repaired by Tom now.

They are planting trees over there. →

Trees are being planted over there by them.

7.不定式的被动语态:to + be + 及物动词的过去分词

There are two books to be read. →

There are twenty more trees to be planted.

特殊用法

1.不及物动词无被动语态。 如:happen, break down, come out......

What will happen in 100 years.

The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.

2.有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。 如: write, sell, ride.....

This pen writes well.

This new book sells well.

3.感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式,主动语态中不带"to",但变为被动语态时,须加上"to"。

例:make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something

see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something

A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.

The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.

4.如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时,直接宾语(物)作主语,那么动词后要用介词,这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。

He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him.

He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him.

My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father.

5.一些动词短语用于被动语态时,动词短语应当看作一个整体,而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。

We can't laugh at him. →He can't be laughed at by us.

He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day.

The nurse is taking care of the sickpeople. →The sickpeople is being taken care of by the nurse.

构成

be+done.

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