SAT文法知识系列栏目说明：每期分享3-5个文法知识点，帮助大家更好地备考SAT。
作者：刘龙
一、代词
（五）具体与不具体指代
1.含义：
不同代词表示的指代方式不同，分为具体指代和不具体指代。
2.用法：
（1）it/them具体指代，前单数/后复数。
例如：
He bought a car and gave it to me.（it具体指代前句宾语a car。）
I bought two pens and gave them to him.（them具体指代前句宾语two pens。
（2）one/ones不具体指代，前单数/后复数。
例如：
This table is longer than that one.（one指代table，但不确定是哪个桌子。）
Do heavy objects always fall faster than light ones?（ones指代objects，但不确定是哪些物体。）
（3）that/those不具体指代，前单数/后复数。
例如：
The climate of A is as dry as that of B.（that指代climate，但不确定是哪里的天气。）
The buildings of A is as high as those of B.（those指代buildings，但不确定是哪里的大楼。）
（4）the one/the ones不具体指代，前单数/后复数。
例如：
---Which picture is more beautiful? ---The one on the left.（the one指代picture，但不确定是哪里的图片。）
These books are more difficult than the ones we read just now.（the ones指代these books，但不确定是哪些书。）
真题检测
真题检测1
(2016-05NA-Q11) Examining the model, the researchers determined that one had found a new species, a 75-million-year-old crocodile.
A. NO CHANGE
B. he or she
C. they
D. it
解析：通过one等选项看出是代词具体还是不具体指代的考点，根据代词一般指代主语的规则，本句中代词指代主语researchers, 排除one, he or she, it等选项，所以排除A/B/D三个选项，所以选C。
注：2016-05NA-Q11为2016年5月北美真题11题。
真题检测2
(2016-05AS-Q44) For both commercial and, arguably, creative reasons, then, no transition was more successful than those from the Golden to Silver Age.
A. NO CHANGE
B. one’s
C. their
D. his
解析：通过those等选项看出是代词具体还是不具体指代的考点，根据代词一般指代主语的规则，本句中代词指代主语transition，排除those, these, DELETE等选项，所以排除A/B/D三个选项，所以选C。
注：2016-05AS-Q44为2016年5月亚太真题44题。
真题检测3
(2016-11AS-Q36) By compiling medical statistics and making it comprehensible and persuasive, Nightingale showed that such information can help shape public policy and improve the quality of health care.
A. NO CHANGE
B. his or hers
C. one
D. them
解析：通过it等选项看出是代词具体还是不具体指代的考点，根据句意判断，本句中代词指代statistics。需要注意statistics有两个含义：表示“统计学”是单数，表示“统计数字”是复数。本句中statistics表示医疗数据，所以是复数。所以排除it, his or hers, one等选项，所以排除A/B/C三个选项，所以选D。
注：2016-11AS-Q36为2016年11月亚太真题36题。
真题检测4
(2017-05AS-Q44) However, proponents contend that the investment is worthwhile because they enable companies to retain the most talented employees.
A. NO CHANGE
B. those enable
C. any of them enables
D. it enables
解析：通过they等选项看出是代词具体还是不具体指代的考点，根据代词一般指代主语的规则，本句中代词指代主语investment，排除they enable, those enable, any of them enables等选项，所以排除A/B/C三个选项，所以选D。
注：2017-05AS-Q44为2017年5月亚太真题44题。
真题检测5
(2016-12NA-Q8) Some English teachers have accidentally found positions by chance, traveling to a city of their choice and then answering a local ad, but experts recommend that it is better for one to establish connections with a school before you travel.
A. NO CHANGE
B. for someone
C. for them
D. DELETE the underlined portion.
解析：通过one等选项看出是代词具体还是不具体指代的考点，根据句意推荐人们在到达学校之前联系好学校，无需指代任何一个人，所以直接选DELETE the underlined portion选项，所以排除A/B/C三个选项，所以选D。
注：2016-12NA-Q8为2016年12月北美真题8题。
