今天的雅思听力考试各部分题型设置和场景都比较中规中矩，其中P1和P4为填空题，P2和P3涉及了选择和配对题的组合，跟剑桥真题10-17题型设置基本一致。
新旧情况：2新+2旧
P1：新题
场景：为Lily安排活动
题型：填空
答案词：
1. 8.25
2. water
3. woods
4. cousin
5. restaurant
6. walk
7. 10.00
8. boots
9. pay
10.待回忆
P1点评：本场考试P1部分为新题，所以题干暂无回忆，答案仅供参考。该篇背景为P1常考的活动咨询场景，其中涉及了两题数字考点，如果在数字方面不够熟练的考生需要加强该方面的训练。词汇方面需注意restaurant的拼写，以及boots的复数形式。
P2：新题
场景：环境保护
题型：单选+配对
具体回忆暂无
P3：旧题
场景：讨论婴儿双语学习
题型：选择+匹配
21-25 选择
21. what is the problem with the students’ recent paper report?
C. need to choose a focus
22. what is the difficulty the student thought the babies might have?
C. the babies mix up the mother language with a second one
23. what has been agreed between the teacher and the students?
B. bilingual ability is helpful for future career
24. what does the teacher say about the advantage of the bilingual ability for baby
A. they may be more capable of dealing with multitask
25. what is the major concern of parents sending baby to bilingual school?
C. the school fee is too high
26-30 匹配
26. Professor A: C. not well organized
27. Professor B: F. there are too few samples being taken
28. Professor C: A. not a clear topic focus
29. Professor D: D. lack of logical reasoning in some parts
30. Professor E: B. some content is too supercilious
P3点评：本场考试P3部分为常规的组合题型搭配：长选项选择+配对题，是听力部分最难的一个part。长选项选项选择题涉及到的考点有：审题/定位/排干扰/同义替换等，建议考生针对自己的弱项进行专项训练解决。
P4：旧题
场景：城市改造讲座
题型：填空
参考：《新航道雅思听力速递机经S1&S4》No.94，P135
P4点评：本场考试P4部分背景和词汇难度不大，考生平时练习P4填空题需要注意抓词和定位方面的训练。从答案词来看，没有难度特别大的单词，其中注意furniture，campus，cycling的拼写，以及retail的正确发音。
阅读考情
8月的第一场雅思考试阅读部分依旧延续7月的难度系数，
Passage 1 Shadow Puppets皮影戏
首次出现：2022.8.6
类别：艺术
难度：★
题型配比：判断3+流程填空5+notes 填空5
参考答案：
1. T 2.T 3.NG
流程填空
4.animal skins 5. determine the shape before cutting out 6. dig some holes to add details 7.paint 8.和rods绑在一起
分析：这应该是一篇新题，介绍了皮影戏在东南亚，尤其是在泰国的发展历史。从题型搭配的角度来看，判断题考的很少，但考察了两组填空，总体上来说难度不大。
Passage 2 Multitasking debate 多任务处理
首次出现：2015.2.28
类别：心理
难度：★★
题型配比：段匹5+人名理论配对5+填空3
参考答案：仅供参考
14-18段匹
14. F 15. I 16.C 17. B 18.G
19-21单选
19. C 20.B 21.A
22-26判断
22.YES 23.YES 24.NO 25.NOT GIVEN 26. NO
分析：本文介绍了新兴科技给多任务处理技术带来的改造，同时也提到了该技术带来的隐患和未来的发展方向。今天的passage2multitasking多任务处理是我们的老朋友了，在2015年和2020年8月1日都考察过，但是两个版本的题目不太一样，2020年的是一篇passage3，所以笔者更加倾向于2015年考的passage2，但是给的参考的答案给的是2020年的版本。
参考文章：
Multitasking Debate
Can you do them at the same time?
Talking on the phone while driving isn't the only situation where we're worse at multitasking than we might like to think we are. New studies have identified a bottleneck in our brains that some say means we are fundamentally incapable of true multitasking If experimental findings reflect real-world performance, people who think they are multitasking are probably just underperforming in all — or at best, all but one - of their parallel pursuits. Practice might improve your performance, but you will never be as good as when focusing on one task at a time.
The problem, according to Rene Marois, a psychologist at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee, is that there's a sticking point in the brain. To demonstrate this, Marois devised an experiment to locate it. Volunteers watch a screen and when a particular image appears, a red circle, say, they have to press a key with their index finger. Different coloured circles require presses from different fingers. Typical response time is about half a second, and the volunteers quickly reach their peak performance. Then they learn to listen to different recordings and respond by making a specific sound. For instance, when they hear a bird chirp, they have to say “ba”; an electronic sound should elicit a “ko", and so on. Again, no problem. A normal person can do that in about half a second, with almost no effort.
The trouble comes when Marois shows the volunteers an image, and then almost immediately plays them a sound. Now they’re flummoxed. “If you show an image and play a sound at the same time, one task is postponed,” he says. In fact, if the second task is introduced within the half-second or so it takes to process and react to the first, it will simply be delayed until the first one is done. The largest dual-task delays occur when the two tasks are presented simultaneously; delays progressively shorten as the interval between presenting the tasks lengthens.
There are at least three points where we seem to get stuck, says Marois. The first is in simply identifying what we're looking at. This can take a few tenths of a second, during which time we are not able to see and recognise a second item. This limitation is known as the "attentional blink”：experiments have shown that if you're watching out for a particular event and a second one shows up unexpectedly any time within this crucial window of concentration, it may register in your visual cortex but you will be unable to act upon it. Interestingly, if you don’t expect the first event, you have no trouble responding to the second. What exactly causes the attentional blink is still a matter for debate.
A second limitation is in our short-term visual memory. It’s estimated that we can keep track of about four items at a time, fewer if they are complex. This capacity shortage is thought to explain, in part, our astonishing inability to detect even huge changes in scenes that are otherwise identical, so-called “change blindness”. Show people pairs of near-identical photos - say, aircraft engines in one picture have disappeared in the other - and they will fail to spot the differences. Here again, though, there is disagreement about what the essential limiting factor really is. Does it come down to a dearth of storage capacity, or is it about how much attention a viewer is paying?
But David Meyer, a psychologist at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, doesn't buy the bottleneck idea. He thinks dual-task interference is just evidence of a strategy used by the brain to prioritise multiple activities. Meyer is known as something of an optimist by his peers. He has written papers with titles like "Virtually perfect time-sharing in dual-task performance: Uncorking the central cognitive bottleneck”. His experiments have shown that with enough practice - at least 2000 tries - some people can execute two tasks simultaneously as competently as if they were doing them one after the other. He suggests that there is a central cognitive processor that coordinates all this and, what's more, he thinks it uses discretion: sometimes it chooses to delay one task while completing another.
Marois agrees that practice can sometimes erase interference effects. He has found that with just 1 hour of practice each day for two weeks, volunteers show a huge improvement at managing both his tasks at once. Where he disagrees with Meyer is in what the brain is doing to achieve this. Marois speculates that practice might give us the chance to find less congested circuits to execute a task — rather like finding trusty back streets to avoid heavy traffic on main roads 一 effectively making our response to the task subconscious. After all, there are plenty of examples of subconscious multitasking that most of us routinely manage: walking and talking, eating and reading, watching TV and folding the laundry.
It probably comes as no surprise that, generally speaking, we get worse at multitasking as we age. According to Art Kramer at the University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign, who studies how ageing affects our cognitive abilities, we peak in our 20s. Though the decline is slow through our 30s and on into our 50s, it is there; and after 55, it becomes more precipitous. In one study, he and his colleagues had both young and old participants do a simulated driving task while carrying on a conversation. He found that while young drivers tended to miss background changes, older drivers failed to notice things that were highly relevant. Likewise, older subjects had more trouble paying attention to the more important parts of a scene than young drivers.
It’s not all bad news for over-55s, though. Kramer also found that older people can benefit from practice. Not only did they learn to perform better, brain scans showed that underlying that improvement was a change in the way their brains become active. While if s clear that practice can often make a difference, especially as we age, the basic facts remain sobering. "We have this impression of an almighty complex brain/, says Marois, "and yet we have very humbling and crippling limits.” For most of our history, we probably never needed to do more than one thing at a time, he says, and so we haven't evolved to be able to. Perhaps we will in future, though. We might yet look back one day on people like Debbie and Alun as ancestors of a new breed of true multitaskers.
Passage3 The Tuatara-Past and future大蜥蜴—新西兰物种入侵
首次出现：2018.12.1
类别：自然
难度：★★★
题型配比：单选5+判断4+选词填空5
参考答案：
27-31单选
27. D 28. B 29. B 30. B 31. D
32-35判断
32.YES 33. YES 34.NOT GIVEN 35.NO
36-40填空
36.creative thinking
37.tout
38.native fish
39.restoration
40.extinction.
分析：文章主要内容为：当欧洲人来到新西兰时，某蜥蜴物种并没有引起他们的注意，而有一位科学家认为这种爬行动物可能会灭绝，因此具有高价值，却没有意识要保护此物种。老鼠是此物种的捕食者，而且老鼠氛围有欧洲人带来的老鼠，以及新西兰本地的老鼠。有研究表明，远在人来到达新西兰之前，蜥蜴物种已经近乎灭绝，蜥蜴物种的经历与某种鱼的经历类似新西兰的动物学家觉得Tuatara大蜥蜴是濒危物种，需要人们的保护才能脱离物种危机，不然很快就要灭绝了。后来因为他们的过度繁殖，甚至破坏了新西兰本地物种的种群数量，破坏了当地独立的生态平衡，人们决定不再保护它们。
参考文章：
Tuatara are reptiles endemic to New Zealand. Although resembling most lizards, they are part of a distinct lineage, the order Rhynchocephalia. Their name derives from the Māori language, and means "peaks on the back" The single species of tuatara is the only surviving member of its order, which flourished around 200 million years ago. Their most recent common ancestor with any other extant group is with the squamates (lizards and snakes). For this reason, tuatara are of great interest in the study of the evolution of lizards and snakes, and for the reconstruction of the appearance and habits of the earliest diapsids, a group of amniote tetrapods that also includes dinosaurs, birds, and crocodilians.
Tuatara are greenish brown and grey, and measure up to 80 cm (31 in) from head to tail-tip and weigh up to 1.3 kg (2.9 lb) with a spiny crest along the back, especially pronounced in males. Their dentition, in which two rows of teeth in the upper jaw overlap one row on the lower jaw, is unique among living species. They are even more unusual in having a pronounced photoreceptive eye, the "third eye", which is thought to be involved in setting circadian and seasonal cycles. They are able to hear, although no external ear is present, and have a number of unique features in their skeleton, some of them apparently evolutionarily retained from fish. Although tuatara are sometimes called "living fossils", recent anatomical work has shown that they have changed significantly since the Mesozoic era. While mapping its genome, researchers have discovered that the species has between five and six billion base pairs of DNA sequence.
The tuatara Sphenodon punctatus has been protected by law since 1895. A second species, S. guntheri, was recognised in 1989 but since 2009 its use has been discontinued. Tuatara, like many of New Zealand's native animals, are threatened by habitat loss and introduced predators, such as the Polynesian rat (Rattus exulans). They were extinct on the mainland, with the remaining populations confined to 32 offshore islands, until the first mainland release into the heavily fenced and monitored Karori Sanctuary in 2005.
During routine maintenance work at Karori Sanctuary in late 2008, a tuatara nest was uncovered, with a hatchling found the following autumn. This is thought to be the first case of tuatara successfully breeding on the New Zealand mainland in over 200 years, outside of captive rearing facilities.
口语考情
主要收录2022年8月的雅思纸笔口语和机考口语题目。9月即将迎来换题季,8月依然沿用之前三个月的题库。请大家结合题库，本份预测和串题的思路进行复习。Part12 红色题为必备考题，紫色题为第二重点优先准备
*重点优先按顺序准备题目，一边题库，一边整理语料，根据预测准备，尽量考前确保所有预测都有按顺序刷过一遍* （文档结尾附建议）
三大必考题：Work or study/ Hometown/ Accommodation
Part1 必备考题
Evening times/Computers/Daily routine/Taking photos / Watches/Old buildings /Talents/Collecting things/Boring things/Meeting places/ Sports /books and reading habits
advertisement /Mirror/Dreams /Arts /Websites/Cinemas/Street markets /E-mails/Time Management / Lost and found /Concentration/TV program / Sitting down/dreams
Part2
必备考题
Describe an occasion when someone gave you positive advice or suggestions about you work
Describe a long walk you ever had
Describe something you received for free
Describe a family member who you want to work with in the future
Describe an interesting neighbor
Describe an important river/lake in your country
Describe a quiet place you like to go
Describe a special day out that cost you little money/didn’t cost you much
Describe something you do to keep fit and healthy
Describe something that surprised you
Describe a contest/competition you would like to participate in
Describe a traditional product in your country
Describe an invention that has changed the world in a positve way
Describe a gift you would like to buy for your friend
Describe a person who contributes to the society
Describe an important event you celebrated
Describe an ambition that you haven’t achieved yet
Describe a person who you follow on social media
第二重点准备
Describe a difficult decision that you once made
Describe a way that helps you save a lot of time
Describe an occasion that you lost something
Describe something you do that can help you concentrate on work/study
Describe a positive change that you made
Describe a famous person in your country
Describe a time when you helped a child
Describe a thing you did to learn another language
Describe an item of clothing that someone gave you
Describe a story someone told you and you remember
Describe a course that impressed you a lot
Describe a skill that you learned from older people
Describe someone you really like to spend time with
Describe a time you visited a new place
Describe a house or an apartment which you would like to live in
Describe an interesting song
Describe a city that you think is interesting
Describe a rule that you don’t like
Describe a special cake you received from others
Describe a time when you organised a happy event successfully
Describe a toy you liked in your childhood
Describe something that you can’t live without
Describe a village that you visited
难题解析以及串题小tips：
为了节省备考时间和精力，part2我们可以进行一些有效串题，即不同的话题从同一个主题去想思路。需要注意的是串题时需要根据题目中侧重点进行调整，切忌生搬硬套或者频繁出现另外题目中的关键词，导致串题痕迹过于明显。目前话题季可串题的思路很多，可串的题目也很多，这里给大家举个例子，例如下面这两组新话题
Describe a positive change that you made
Describe something you do to keep fit and healthy
Describe a person who you follow on social media
Describe a famous person in your country
Describe a person who contributes to the society
Describe a way that helps you save a lot of time
人物类的上面三个话题都可以让我联想到刘耕宏,最近一个炙手可热的网络红人主播（live streamer）,他不仅是个歌手，更为人熟知的身份是一个fitness instructor健身教练,在抖音上进行直播健身教粉丝健身操锻炼（do fitness livestream on Tiktok and teach his followers dance workout）。这是最近成千万网民在抖音上关注的人,也是一个来自我们国家的名人。刘耕宏在某些程度上确实是对社会做贡献的，因为他motivate thousands to get into shape(鼓励成年上万人去强身健体)。在刘耕宏的带领下，很多中国人开始晚上改掉吃饱就看电视的久坐的习惯（sedentary lifestyle），开始跟着刘耕宏跳操(doing workout with Liu Genghong)，肥肉“咔咔掉”。
另外 你也可以说这是你保持健康的方式(something you do to keep fit)，以及你最近的postive change。
另外 关于节省时间的方法（a way that helps you save a lot of time） 很多同学会觉得是个很抽象的话题 我们具体到健身的情景上来 如果你之前都是去健身房 但现在因为很忙碌 所以在家里跳操 其实就算一个节约时间的方法。
写作考情
一个线图：关于1962-2012 澳大利亚五种产业的劳动力占比
对于今天这幅动态图，大家还是要根据宏观趋势的差异，做好分组分段。但是今天要分享的是overview的写法，首先大家要明确overview的位置相对来说还是比较灵活的，可以放在小作文的任意一段，但是比较常见的是出现在第二段或最后一段。对于内容上，更多的是对于分段思路的总结，所以在分好组的情况下，overview并不是一个额外的工作量。
对于C11 T3 的小作文，这里给大家提供三种overall的写法，
Overall，the average carbon dioxide emission per person had increased in the UK and Sweden, while that had declined in Italy and Portugal within the 40 years.
Overall, the amount of average carbon dioxide emission per person showed different trends in the four countries within the 40 years.
Overall, the difference among average carbon dioxide emission per person had narrowed considerably from 1967 to 2007. （Band 8）
特别是最后一种差距缩小的思路，概括性更高，其实对于很多的题目都是适用的，对比C9 T2; C11 T3;以及最新的C17 T3 上。
Task 2
Some people think visual images（like photographs, videos) can tell information more accurately in a news story, while others think they cannot represent the full story. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
一些人认为视觉画面可以在新闻中更准确地传达信息，但是另外一些人认为视觉画面并不可以呈现完整的故事。讨论双边观点并且给出自己的观点。
值得注意的是这道题是一道新题，在过去十年的大陆地区的纸笔考试中都没有出现，话题的难度上也会比较抽象，整体论述难度会比较高。
对于双边讨论的题目而言，其实之前的推送中也有提到过，即中间两段去论述“为什么双方会有这样一个观点”。对于第一个观点，可以从文字报道相对来说比较抽象，并且间接的报道可能会加入报道者主观的情绪，可能准确性有偏颇。相比之下，visual image能够把真实的画面去传达出来， 而且图片及视频不太容易被改动，所以更客观（objective）且真实性（reliability）会相对高。另外一些人认为新闻在报道的时候，图片和视频只是碎片的信息，只能呈现一瞬间或者一段时间中的真实情况，并不能呈现完整的来龙去脉，所以需要文字对图片及视频背景做出介绍，对于内容总体的总结。
