让步段是一种实用性很强的写作段落，对话题的支持会起到非常好的效果。根据多年的教学经验和实践，笔者发现让步段非常适用于五段式的雅思大作文里。本文中，将就让步段的主要写法作一个系统的小结：
　　雅思议论文写作让步段的概念及用法
　　在议论文中，常见的论证方法很多，如举例子、解释、类比、对比、列数据等，今天写作组的要给大家总结介绍一类在论证中能否体现论证的全面性的方法，即让步的论证方法，首先我们来看几个句型：1. As is granted, ... However, convincing arguments have been made that ...2.
　　Opponents would argue that... However, ...3. Although/ In spite of the fact that ...， people tend to believe that ...4. It is undeniable that ...从以上三个句型，我们看出让步就是先退一步承认自己不同意的一个事实，再对其进行反驳，如某人去面试，老板要拒绝聘请录用这个员工，他会在拒绝前先说一番承认这个人在某些方面还不错的一些话，这就是让步。这样论证的优点是更加全面的论证，不会一味的一边倒，就片面的认为一个事件的存在只有优点或只有缺点，且论证也更有说服力。这种论证方法常出现在讨论类的单边论证中，我们来看一个题目：
　　The main purpose of public libraries is to provide books and they should not waste their limited resources and space on providing expensive hi-tech media such as computer software, videos and DVDs. To what extent do you agree or disagree?针对这样一个题目，通过审题，题目要求考生探讨图书是否需要提供高科技媒体。根据分析，我们可以得出单边论证的结构，同意提供多媒体。具体结构参照如下：
　　Introduction: State my opinion
　　The hi-tech media should been provided by the public libraries.
　　Body: Ph 1 Making concession
　　Multimedia facilities are expensive.
　　Ph2 Reason one to support my opinion.
　　Hi-tech media can store information much longer than traditional means.
　　Ph3 Reason two to support my opinion
　　Visiting a library with multimedia access is much more interesting.
　　Conclusion: Restate my opinion
　　The investment is justified and should be encouraged.
　　从上述结构我们看出作者的观点是支持提供高科技媒体，但这个论证过程非常全面，它先在论证的代就退一步承认其缺点，然后再就这一点进行反驳，这个段落就是让步段，参考之前提供句型，得出这一段：Opponents of a high-tech library would argue that multimedia facilities are expensive. This may be true to some extent, because a DVD player is often more expensive than a bookshelf. However, with immense storage capacity, these new high-tech media can actually save the most valuable resource-space.
　　让步段还可以运用到讨论类另一种结构中，笔者谓之双边倾向论证。我们通过一个具体的实例来解释这种论证结构以及让步在其中的用法。
　　There are social, medical and technical problems associated with the use of mobile phones. What forms do they take? Do you agree that the problems outweigh the benefits of mobile phones?
　　的老师建议此题一定要认真审题，因为这个问题模式对文章的结构有着的影响。它有两问，问要回答手机的三个方面的问题，第二问优缺点讨论，结合这两问，得出文章结构如下：
　　Introduction: State my opinion
　　The problems of mobile phones far exceed the merits.
　　Body: Ph 1 the benefits brought about by mobiles (Making concession)
　　Convenient, functional
　　Ph2 the social, medial and technical problems of mobile phones
　　Conclusion: Restate my opinion
　　Although mobile phones have some benefits, the negative influences should not be overlooked.
　　看完结构，不难理解双边倾向的结构即两个方面优点和缺点都提及，作者的观点是倾向其中一方的，那么不同意的那一方的论证段就可以理解为让步段。结合句式，我们可以写一下让步段的topic sentence:It is undeniable that mobile phones have facilitated our lives in many different ways. 接着可以列举手机使用的几个具体的优点。这种让步和单边论证让步的区别是它可以不用在这个段落后面反驳
　　雅思五段式大作文中让步手法的使用
　　一、 五段式中用于第三个主体段
　　在五段式的大作文中，三个主体段一般都是以“单边”的方式，“一边倒”的支持某一个观点。而若将最后一个主体段写成让步段，不仅可以照顾到反方的论点，而且更有利于进一步支持和强化本段的观点，从而起到强化论述的效果：
　　Obviously， not every celebrity is generous. Some， I am sure， keep all their money for themselves. But there are people like Bill Gates who are well known for making donations， attending charitable functions and taking part in a range of activities that support people less fortunate than themselves。
　　在写让步段的时候，我们必须要使用表“转折”的连词，常用的有but， however， nevertheless， nonetheless等。有时候我们还可以使用让步状语从句来引导让步段，涉及的连词有：despite， in spite of， although， though， even though， even if等。在上面这个例子中，我们看到作者用了2个简单句来描写反面的观点，对于用来描写反面观点的句子，建议一般以1—3句话为宜，而转折后的句子，通常在长度上要超过前面的句子。下面我们再来看一个让步段：
　　题目：Very few school children learn about the value of money and how to look after it， yet this is a critical life skill that should be taught as part of the school curriculum. Do you agree with this statement？
　　It is possibly true that schools could try to make children understand the importance of all these areas， but children are young and cannot look into the future or predict the skills that they will need。
　　上面这个让步段非常简洁，请注意作者使用的句型：“It is possibly true that.……”，这是我们在让步段里经常用来开头的句型。下面我们再来看看如何用让步状语从句引导让步段：
　　Although watching TV or playing computer games do enrich children‘s spare time and broaden their horizon to some extent， a sedentary lifestyle reduces healthy outdoor activities and will have long-term medical consequences for children. An increasing number of children suffer from obesity and near-sightedness as a result of spending too much time in front of a flashing screen。
　　在这个段落中，作者使用了让步状语从句，在继续论述“久坐”的生活方式对孩子健康方面的弊端前，先说了一下它的优点，进而反驳，从而起到了鲜明的对比反差效果，突出了这种生活方式对孩子健康造成的巨大伤害。
　　二、五段式每段都用让步段
　　这种写法属于非主流写法，需要考生具备一定的写作功底，对论点的把握火候得当。这种写法类似于新托福中综合写作里质疑论据合理性的写法。对于志在的同学来说可以尝试一下，下面我们就来看一个例子：
　　Those against the use of animal testing claim that it is inhumane to use animal in experiments. I disagree completely. It would be much more inhumane to test new drugs on children or adults. Even if it were possible， it would also take much longer to see potential effects， because of the length of time we live compared to laboratory animals such as rats or rabbits。
　　Opponents of animal testing also claim that the results are not applicable to humans. This may be partly true. Some drugs have had to be withdrawn， despite testing. However， we simply do not have alternative methods of testing. Computer models are not advanced enough， and testing on plants is much less applicable to humans than tests on animals such as monkeys. Until we have a better system， we must use animal testing。
　　A further point often raised against animal testing is that it is cruel. Some of the tests certainly seem painful， but the great majority of people on this planet eat meat or wear leather without any guilt. Where is their sympathy for animals？ Furthermore， animals clearly do not feel the same way as humans， and scientists are careful to minimize stress in the animals， since this would damage their research。
　　这篇作文是关于是否应该拿动物做实验的话题。作者是支持继续拿动物做实验的，在他的每个主体段中，他都是先讲了反对者的一个观点，然后再反驳。请密切关注下作者在每个主体段首句中使用的句型：“Those against.…… claim that.……”：“Opponents of .…… also claim that.……”：“A further point often raised against .…… is that.……”。前2句为宾语从句，最后一句为表语从句。从主语的选择上作者也花了心思，分别在句和第二句使用了不同单词组合，但是意思是一致的。因此建议大家不妨在一开始写主体段首句的时候先模仿他的这种写法。接下来我们再来看看次句的句型：“I disagree completely”：“This may be partly true”：“Some of the .……， but.……”。这三组句型同样做到了抑扬顿挫，个句子语气最强，而后二个句子语气明显递减。对于这种安排，笔者认为并非一定要按照他的模式，这取决于你在三个段落中的观点的排列，但是一般来说，语气最强的或者最重要的那个观点，要么放在段写，要么放到最后一段里写。笔者将最重要的观点放在个主体段里论述。
　　综上所述，让步段已经俨然成为了目前五段式大作文的常用段落发展方式，希望以上的讨论对大家在写让步段时有所启迪。